Plasma Fractionation: Benchmarking, Analysis & Trends 2023
The plasma industry is at a crossroads, with rising input costs but with revenues that struggle to cover them. While plasma acquisition costs play a large role in the overall expenditure incurred to produce plasma derived therapies, the manufacturing cost also plays a critical role, as billions are invested in fractionation and purification projects to expand and modernize plasma manufacturing plants around the world. Still, there is continued interest from veteran and new players alike in expanding the industry with new facilities, especially in countries which import all their products but wish to have their own domestic industry.
This report is a comprehensive resource of information which provides a clear and broad understanding of the plasma manufacturing industry. It includes a detailed description of the plasma manufacturing process along with relevant data/benchmarking on immunoglobulin (IgG) production yields, key equipment pricing, and on the major vendors that support the industry.
OBJECTIVES
Companies are faced with important questions in relation to their position in this competitive industry, including:
- How and why have plasma fractionation costs risen and what components have mostly contributed to that change?
- How can companies respond to increasing customer demand while maintaining or even reducing manufacturing costs?
- How do companies compare on their efficiency in producing IgG from a liter of plasma, and what can they do to improve their performance?
- Which suppliers can help them improve process efficiency, reduce costs or increase automation?
- How much does key equipment, materials and certain services cost for new products or process development?
- What novel fractionation or production methods are in development that could affect the incumbent industry?
This report answers these questions and many others, using multiple data, analysis and trends to help companies understand where they stand in the present and future competitive environment and the key operational risks they face in this space. It also provides key benchmarks on yields that are of major importance for all organizations active in the plasma industry and suggests some general steps companies can take to improve their yields going forward. It is a first-of-its-kind report covering many aspects that have never been explored in this format and level of detail. Overall, this report is a key resource with a lot of insight across a wide range of aspects of the manufacturing of plasma proteins. It will be highly valuable to all stakeholders in involved in the plasma industry, or planning to invest in it.
METHODOLOGY
Experts Interviews. Over 60 interviews were conducted with industry experts experienced in every of the multiple aspect of plasma fractionations, as well as with engineering companies, suppliers of the equipment, supplies, services of fractionation facility.
MRB database: The Marketing Research Bureau has an extensive database covering over forty years of plasma fractionation industry operations. Some of the invaluable data and information have been included in this report, ensuring that it is not confidential and available to the general public.
REPORT CONTENTS (185 PAGES IN TOTAL)
The report begins with a broad background and history of plasma fractionation, including the key steps in the fractionation process, and how it influences the present environment. The current challenge of rising costs, especially since the beginning of the Covid19 pandemic are detailed, giving an impetus to the companies to make difficult and focused changes so as to improve their efficiency and maintain viability.
IgG is the most important plasma protein and the focus of many companies at present. The report discusses how different processes and techniques used within the fractionation industry affect the IgG production yields. It also provides the estimated yields of all the major IgG brands, and the reasons of their differentiation.
Historical and current costs of key equipment used in plasma fractionation are provided, along with an analysis on the reason for inflation-adjusted changes. Other inputs, such as various energy costs are also explored, which are significant contributors to overall costs in this industry.
The report also delves into trends in packaging, single-use systems, supply chain management, regulatory actions against plasma companies, automation trends and sustainability trends. Special attention is paid on how the Covid19 pandemic has affected, and continues to affect these areas of plasma products manufacturing. Key suppliers to the industry – engineering companies and others – are profiled, with descriptions of the ways they can bring plasma fractionation companies to higher levels of efficiency and rationality.
This report will support companies in their understanding of their positioning across a broad range of manufacturing activities and serve as an essential comparison and cross-check tool for those which are currently active in the plasma fractionation space. It will help them understand some of the competitive strengths or weaknesses in this dynamic, but challenging industry. It will also highlight the capabilities of the main vendors to the plasma fractionation field, facilitate their assessment in regard to the customers’ requirements, and help them identify potential suppliers who may best contribute to efficiency enhancement or facility improvements in the future.
PLASMA FRACTIONATION: BENCHMARKING, ANALYSIS AND TRENDS 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS of the Current Report
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (page 7)
- INTRODUCTION TO THE PLASMA FRACTIONATION INDUSTRY (page 12)
Where is the Plasma Fractionation Industry Headed after post-Covid19 Pandemic?
Cost Components to Product Plasma Proteins
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) Grows Faster than Revenue since Pandemic Started
Top Biomanufacturing Trends
- PLASMA FRACTIONATION STEPS (page 21)
Precipitation
Ethanol Precipitation
Cold or Cryo Precipitation
Caprylate Precipitation
Citrate Precipitation
Centrifugation and Depth Filtration
Chromatography
Viral Reduction
Pasteurization
Solvent Detergent
Low pH Hold
Ethanol Precipitation as Viral Step
Caprylate Precipitation as Viral Step
Nanofiltration
Chromatography as Viral Step
Fractionation Construction & Support Supplies
- IMMUNOGLOBULIN (IgG) PRODUCTION YIELDS BY COMPANY (page 44)
Factors that affect IgG Yield
Optimized Upstream Process (Bulk Plasma Fractionation)
Large Batch Sizes
Downstream (Purification) Process Step Optimization
Regulatory Limitations on Improving IgG Yield
Overall IG Production Yields by Company
CSL Behring’s Privigen and Hizentra
Grifols’ Gamunex-C and GammaKed
Grifols’ Xembify
Grifols’ Flebogamma 5% and 10%
Takeda’s Gammagard Liquid, Kiovig and Hyqvia
Takeda’s Cuvitru
Octapharma’s Octagam 5% and 10%
Octapharma’s Panzyga
BPL’s Gammaplex 10%
Kedrion’s IG Vena
Biotest’s Intratect
LFB’s IQYmune (10%)/Clairyg (5%)
- NOVEL PLASMA FRACTIONATION PLATFORMS (page 58)
Evolve Biologics – Expanded Bed Chromatography Platform
Aegros HaemaFrac® Platform
Prometic BioProduction PPPS Process “Plasma Protein Purification System”
Novel Immunoglobulin Production Methods
GigaGen: Recombinant Hyperimmune products
SAb Biotherapeutics- Humanized Cows
Future Impact of Novel Technologies
- PLASMA FRACTIONATION PROCESSING EQUIPMENT PRICING & TRENDS (page 68)
Background on Fractionation Equipment
Filling Equipment – Background & Trends
Fractionation Process Equipment Pricing – 2014 and 2022
Process Equipment Pandemic Challenges
Selected Fractionation Plant Investments 2010 to Present
- PLASMA FRACTIONATION SUPPLIES/RAW MATERIALS UNIT PRICING (page 83)
Methodology
Unit Pricing Results
Process Chemicals
Process Filters
Analysis of the pricing effects
- ETHANOL & ENERGY PRICING TRENDS (page 89)
Industrial Ethanol
Natural Gas
Crude Oil
Electricity Rates in the United States
- LABORATORY SUPPORT SERVICES COST & TRENDS (page 99)
Viral Clearance Study Costs
Methods Validation Service Costs
- CONTRACT MANUFACTURING & CONTROLS (CMC) OUTSOURCING (page 102)
Example of Plasma-Focused Services Provided (Previ Pharma)
- PACKAGING (page 105)
Product Container Trends
Glass containers
Closures (Stoppers)
Overall Trends for Product Containers
Drug Product Packaging (Leaflets)
Overall Packaging Trends in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Serialization and track-and-trace
Innovations in packaging machinery/automation
IoMT (Internet of Medical Things)
- SINGLE USE SYSTEMS/TECHNOLOGIES (SUS/SUT) (page 118)
What are they and why use SUS?
How the pandemic affected SUS
How Suppliers Responded to Supply Challenges – Case Study
Cytiva on SUS Documentation of its Suppliers
- SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (page 123)
Major Suppliers
Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ)
Reducing Total Cost of Ownership for Chemical Materials
Assessing the True Cost of a cGMP Chemical Supply Chain
Supply Chain Partnerships Value and Case Study
Supplier Audit Programs
Digitization of end-to-end Supply Chain
- PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS PRICING TRENDS (page 144)
Current Procurement Strategies
Potential Procurement Alliances
Competitive Pricing
- REGULATORY TRENDS & RECENT FDA ENFORECEMENT ACTIONS ON PLASMA COMPANIES (page 147)
Putting the “c” in cGMP (Regulatory Service Provider Redica)
Plasma Fractionation Site Enforcement Actions 2019-2022
FDA Guidance since the Covid19 Pandemic started
FDA Guidance on Manufacturing, Supply Chain, and Drug and Biological Product Inspections During COVID-19
Resuming Normal Drug and Biologics Manufacturing Operations During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Guidance for Industry
- INCREASING AUTOMATION, INTEGRATION AND DIGITIZATION (page 158)
Unit Operations Automation
Plant Floor to Business System Integration
Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)
Advantages of an MES system
Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS)
Quality Management Systems (QMS)
Examples of Quality Management Systems
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP)
Cloud-based ERP System Components
Large-scale Data Repositories
Expectations for the Future of Software Platforms
- SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMS & SUGGESTIONS (page 174)
Reduction Project Suggestions
Electrification Project Suggestions
Plasma Fractionation Companies Sustainability Programs